发表于 2012-11-12 08:07 | 来自
平时安装LNMP是把它们安装到同一台机器上,我想这个对大家来说丝毫没有挑战,下面我们实现把他们剥离到不同的机器上,让各个服务器直接分担原来的压力,也可以增加节点实现负载均衡,如:多增加一台php,让两台机器轮询的编译php,也可以在增加一台nginx,实现dns的轮询负载均衡。
规划:nginx:172.16.1.1 php(FASTCGI):172.16.1.2 mysql:172.16.1.3环境:redhat 5.8 32位,yum可以正常使用,开发包组"Development Tools" "Development Libraries" "X Software Development"已经安装好,如果没有请先安装。SElinux确保已经关闭,iptables先关闭之。操作步骤:一.在172.16.1.1编译安装nginx1.先安装pcre-devel,nginx的rewrite功能依赖pcre提供的库。# yum -y install pcre-devel2.为nginx建立用户,实现安全运行,指定uid的原因是为了与php通过nfs共享时权限方便# groupadd -r -g 5000 nginx# useradd -r -g nginx -u 5000 nginx3.下载并编译安装nginx# wget # tar xvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz# cd nginx-1.2.4#./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre ##各个选项意思就不讲解了,如果需要理解,请找google吧# make && make install4.为nginx提供SysV init脚本新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx,内容如下:#!/bin/sh## nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginxmake_dirs() { # make required directories user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` for opt in $options; do if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done}start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval}stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval}restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start}reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo}force_reload() { restart}configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE}rh_status() { status $prog}rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2esac为此脚本赋予执行权限:# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx添加至服务管理列表,并让其开机自动启动:# chkconfig --add nginx# chkconfig nginx on启动服务并测试# service nginx start直接访问172.16.1.1查看是否有nginx的欢迎信息,如果有代表nginx安装一切正常。二.在172.16.1.3上部署mysql-5.5.281.为mysql准备数据目录与用户# mkdir -pv /data/mysql ##其实这里最好为mysql准备一个逻辑卷,为了方便书写我省略了#useradd -r mysql2.下载安装mysql,这里采用已经编译好的# wget # tar xvf mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/# cd /usr/local/# ln -sv mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-i686 mysql# cd mysql ##更改目录权限# chown -R root:mysql .# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data3.为mysql提供配置文件# cd /usr/local/mysql# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf并修改此文件中thread_concurrency的值为你的CPU个数乘以2,比如这里使用如下行:thread_concurrency = 2适当位置添加一行,指定mysql数据文件的存放位置:datadir = /mydata/data4.为mysql提供sysv init服务脚本:# cd /usr/local/mysql# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld添加至服务列表:# chkconfig --add mysqld# chkconfig mysqld on测试启动 service mysqld start 一切正常mysql安装正常5.输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径:编辑/etc/man.config,添加如下行即可:MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man6.输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include:这可以通过简单的创建链接实现:# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql7.输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径:# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf而后让系统重新载入系统库:# ldconfig -v9、修改PATH环境变量,让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令。# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh三.172.16.1.2上编译安装php-5.4.41.把mysql在这台机器上安装一遍,php要利用一下,否则连接不上mysql,在安装discuz时提示mysql_connect()不支持,如果你有更好办法请给我留言2.安装扩展包如果想让编译的php支持mcrypt、mhash扩展,地址:libmcrypt-2.5.8-4.el5.centos.i386.rpmlibmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-4.el5.centos.i386.rpmmhash-0.9.9-1.el5.centos.i386.rpmmhash-devel-0.9.9-1.el5.centos.i386.rpmmcrypt-2.6.8-1.el5.i386.rpm2.下载编译安装php-5.4.4##php网站今天速度不行有空补上php的下载连接# tar xf php-5.4.4.tar.bz2# cd php-5.4.4# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-curl # make# make intall3.为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表:# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm# chkconfig --add php-fpm# chkconfig php-fpm on为php提供配置文件:# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini为php-fpm提供配置文件:# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 编辑php-fpm的配置文件:# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值,并启用pid文件(如下最后一行):pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid ##注释此项并修改pm.max_children = 50pm.start_servers = 5pm.min_spare_servers = 2pm.max_spare_servers = 8接下来就可以启动php-fpm了:# service php-fpm start使用如下命令来验正(如果此命令输出有中几个php-fpm进程就说明启动成功了):# ps aux | grep php-fpm 到此软件基本安装完毕,下面我们来整合nginx与php,通过php调用mysql四.整合nginx 与 php对172.16.1.1的nginx修改1.计划把网页放在/www下,建立该目录,并修改权限# mkdir /www # chown nginx:nginx /www2.编译 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf,注释一些选项 ##编辑前请备份原文件location / { root /www; index index.php index.html index.htm; } location ~ \.php$ { root /www; fastcgi_pass 172.16.1.2:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }3.编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params,将其内容更改为如下内容:fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;##先不要重启nginx。在172.16.1.2上修改Php4.为了以后与nginx共享文件方便建立nginx用户# groupadd -r -g 5000 nginx# useradd -r -g nginx -u 5000 nginx5.修改php-fpm配置文件 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conflisten = 172.16.1.2:9000 #监听物理网卡地址,供其它机器调用user = nginx ##php-fpm以nginx用户运行group = nginx重启php-fpm #service php-fpm restart6.下载解压discuz,更改权限#wget #tar xvf wordpress-3.4.2-zh_CN.tar.gz#mv wordpress-3.4.2-zh_CN /www#chown -R nginx:nginx /www在/www建立test.php 作为测试文件#vim /www/test.php<?phpphpinfo();?>7.启动nfs,编辑配置文件以供nginx挂载#vi /etc/exports/www 172.16.1.1(rw)#service nfs start 8.在172.16.1.1上挂载172.16.1.2的/www#mount -t nfs 172.16.1.2:/www /www浏览器打开172.16.1.1/test.php查看是否能正常调用Phpinfo()函数如果能则继续,如果不能请查找原因9.安装discuz 浏览器运行172.16.1.1/install,根据提示修改Php.ini的一个选项#vi /etc/php.inishort_open_tag = On10.在172.16.1.3上为discuz建立数据#mysql>create database discuz;>grant all on discuz.* to 'discuz'@'172.16.1.2' indentified by 'redhat';>flush privileges;>quit11.继续安装discuz访问172.16.1.1/install,根据提示输入刚才建立的账号密码mysql的地址,到此discuz应该可以安装成功了